Luigi Aloisio Galvani
anatomist

Alexander von Humboldt
a founder of modern geography and a pioneer in plant geography and climatology

Christiaan Huygens
the first to use a pendulum to measure time

James Rhyne Killian, Jr.
the first full-time presidential adviser for science

John Wesley Powell
soldier, geologist, explorer, anthropologist

Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford
co-developer of the science of thermodynamics

Evangelista Torricelli
"discoverer" of atmospheric pressure